Interpreting the Output from tcpdump

In all my examples, I used the -eSv arguments to control what tcpdump displayed. The -e argument prints the Ethernet header (i.e., the MAC source and destination addresses). The -S argument displays TCP sequence numbers in an absolute format instead of relative format. You need this when trying to match a tcpdump trace to a trace taken on another network with an analyzer that only displays sequence numbers in absolute format. I find it easier to just always use -S, because I never know when I will need to compare traces. The -v displays header information, such as the IP ID value and the TCP TTL value. There are many other arguments, and I'll refer you to the man page for the rest of them. Note that tcpdump does not display the fields in the packet in the order that they appear in the actual packet structure. For example, tcpdump displays the source MAC address first, while in reality the destination MAC address is first. Also, the IP address and TCP port values are displayed together and some of the IP fields are also displayed at the end of the line.

TCP Packet

16:54:34.954674 0:e0:1e:60:8e:c7 0:50:bf:16:ba:ae
ip 70: Top.1064 > RoadRunner.2080: P [tcp sum ok]
2346664938:2346664942(4) ack 384981432 win 5840
<nop,nop,timestamp 16589474 2052886> (DF) [tos
0x10]  (ttl 63, id 20442, len 56)

16:54:34.954674            absolute timestamp
0:e0:1e:60:8e:c7           source MAC address
0:50:bf:16:ba:ae           destination MAC address
ip 70                      IP packet length
Top                        IP address/name of source
1064                       TCP port number of source
>                          direction indicator
RoadRunner                 IP address/name of destination
2080                       TCP destination port number
P                          TCP flag (P for push just indicates that
                           data should be sent up the stack
                           R indicates that the connection should be reset
[tcp sum ok]               indication that TCP checksum is OK
2346664938:2346664942(4)   TCP starting:ending sequence numbers
ack 384981432              TCP acknowledgement sequence number
win 5840                   TCP window size
<nop,nop,timestamp 16589474 2052886>    TCP options
(DF)                       IP don't fragment flag is set
[tos 0x10]                 IP type of service value
ttl 63                     IP time to live value
id 20442                   IP identification value
len 56                     TCP packet length

ARP Request

16:56:53.804674 0:50:bf:16:ba:ae Broadcast arp 60:
arp who-has 192.168.1.99 tell RoadRunner

16:56:53.804674           Absolute timestamp
0:50:bf:16:ba:ae          source MAC address
Broadcast                 destination MAC address
arp 60:                   ARP protocol, length 60
arp who-has 192.168.1.99  ARP request looking for IP address
tell RoadRunner           IP address/name to send reply to

ARP Reply

16:56:53.804674 0:50:bf:2e:1e:56 0:50:bf:16:ba:ae
arp 42: arp reply 192.168.1.99 is-at
0:50:bf:2e:1e:56

16:56:53.804674           Absolute timestamp
0:50:bf:2e:1e:56          source MAC address
0:50:bf:16:ba:ae          destination MAC address
arp 42:                   ARP protocol, length 42
arp reply                 ARP reply
192.168.1.99 is-at 0:50:bf:2e:1e:56 MAC address of who has requested IP address/name

ICMP Echo

17:33:00.574674 0:50:ba:a1:19:21 0:50:bf:16:ba:ae
ip 98: Daffy > RoadRunner: icmp: echo request (DF)
(ttl 64, id 0, len 84)

17:33:00.574674          Absolute timestamp
0:50:ba:a1:19:21         source MAC address
0:50:bf:16:ba:ae         destination MAC address
ip 98                    IP packet length
Daffy                    IP address/name of source
>                        direction indicator
RoadRunner               IP address/name of destination
icmp: echo request       ICMP echo request (ping) packet
(DF)                     IP don't fragment flag is set
ttl 64                   IP time to live value
id 0                     IP ID value
len 84                   icmp packet length

ICMP Echo Reply

17:33:00.574674 0:50:bf:16:ba:ae 0:50:ba:a1:19:21
ip 98: RoadRunner > Daffy: icmp: echo reply (DF)
(ttl 128, id 3529, len 84)

17:33:00.574674          Absolute timestamp
0:50:bf:16:ba:ae         source MAC address
0:50:ba:a1:19:21         destination MAC address
ip 98                    IP packet length
RoadRunner               IP address/name of source
>                        direction indicator
Daffy                    IP address/name of destination
icmp: echo reply         ICMP echo reply (ping reply) packet
(DF)                     IP don't fragment flag is set
ttl 128                  IP time to live value
id 3529                  IP ID value
len 84                   icmp packet length